A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison

The following summarizes one of the best-known  examples of the Indian Captivity Narrative.  It was written in 1823 by James E. Seaver from interviews with Mary Jemison, a Scots-Irish woman who was taken by the Seneca during a raid when she was twelve and adopted by a Native family.  Its important to remember, when reading it, that such narratives were often exaggerated and sensational, but, paradoxically, also depicted Native Americans in more human and humane ways than other documents of the time tended to. The original narrative is available in whole at several other sources: A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary JemisonA Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison - Google BooksA Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison - Project Gutenberg Note: in this summary, words from the original which are now considered disrespectful  are used, to preserve historical accuracy of the book. From the front material: An Account of the Murder of her Father and his Family; her sufferings; her marriage to two Indians; her troubles with her Children; barbarities of the Indians in the French and Revolutionary Wars; the life of her last Husband, c.; and many Historical Facts never before published.Carefully taken from her own words, Nov. 29th, 1823. Preface: The author describes what is for him the importance of biography, then details his sources: mostly interviews with the then-80-year-old Mrs. Jemison. Introduction: Seaver describes some of the history which his audience may or may not have known, including the Peace of 1783, the wars with the French and Indians, the American Revolutionary War, and more. He describes the Mary Jemison as she came to the interviews. Chapter 1: Tells of the ancestry of Mary Jemison, how her parents came to America and settled in Pennsylvania, and an omen foreshadowing her captivity. Chapter 2: Discusses her education, then a description of the raid where she was taken captive and her early days of captivity. It narrates her memories of her mothers parting words, the murder of her family after she was separated from them, her encounter of the scalps of her family members, how the Indians evaded their pursuers, and the arrival of Jemison, a young white man, and a white boy with the Indians at Fort Pitt. Chapter 3: After the young man and boy are given to the French, Mary is given to two squaws. She journeys down the Ohio River, and arrives at a Seneca town where she is officially adopted and receives a new name.  She describes her work and how she learns the Seneca language while preserving knowledge of her own. She goes to Sciota on a hunting tour, returns, and is taken back to Fort Pitt, but returned to the Indians, and feels her hopes of Liberty destroyed.  In time, Mary returns to Sciota then to Wishto, where she marries a Delaware, develops an affection for him, gives birth to her first child who dies, recovers from her own illness, then gives birth to a son she names Thomas Jemison. Chapter 4: Mary and her husband go from Wishto to Fort Pitt. In this section, she contrasts the lives of white and Indian women. She describes interactions with the Shawnees and her travel up the Sandusky. She sets out for Genishau  while her husband goes to Wishto. She describes her relationships with her Indian brothers and sisters and her Indian mother. Chapter 5: The Indians go to fight the British at Niagara, and return with prisoners who are sacrificed. Her husband dies. John Van Cise tries to ransom her.  She narrowly escapes several times, and her brother first threatens her, then brings her home. She marries again, and the chapter ends with her naming her children. Chapter 6: Finding twelve or fifteen years of peace, she describes the life of the Indians, including their celebrations, form of worship, their business and their morality.  She describes a treaty made with the Americans (who are still British citizens), and the promises made by the British commissioners and the reward from the British.  Indians break the treaty by killing a man at Cautega, then take prisoners at Cherry Valley and ransom them at Beards Town.  After a battle at Fort Stanwix [sic], the Indians mourn their losses.  During the American Revolution, she describes how Col. Butler and Col. Brandt used her home as a base for their military operations. Chapter 7: She describes Gen. Sullivans march on the Indians and how it affects the Indians. She goes to Gardow for a time. She describes a severe winter and the suffering of the Indians, then the taking of some prisoners, including an old man, John OBail, married to and Indian woman. Chapter 8: Ebenezer Allen, a Tory, is the subject of this chapter. Ebenezer Allen comes to Gardow after the Revolutionary War, and her husband responds with jealousy and cruelty. Allens further interactions include bringing goods from Philadelphia to Genesee.  Allens several wives and business affairs, and finally his death. Chapter 9: Mary is offered her freedom by her brother, and permitted to go to her friends, but her son Thomas is not permitted to go with him. So she chooses to stay with the Indians for the remainder of my days. Her brother travels, then dies, and she mourns his loss. Her title to her land is clarified, subject to restrictions as Indian land. She describes her land, and how she leased it out to white people, to better support herself. Chapter 10: Mary describes her mostly happy life with her family, and then the sad enmity that develops between her sons John and Thomas, with Thomas considering John a witch for marrying two wives. While drunk, Thomas  often fought with  John  and threatened him, though their mother tried to counsel them, and John finally killed his brother during a fight. She describes the Chiefs trial of John, finding Thomas the first transgressor. Then she reviews his life, including telling how his second son by his fourth and last wife attended Dartmouth College in 1816, planning to study medicine. Chapter 11: Mary Jemisons husband Hiokatoo died in 1811 after four years of illness, estimating him at 103 years of age. She tells of his life and the battles and wars in which he fought.   Chapter 12: Now an elderly widow, Mary Jemison is saddened that her son John begins fighting with his brother Jesse, Marys youngest child and the main support of his mother, and she describes how John comes to murder Jesse.   Chapter 13: Mary Jemison describes her interactions with a cousin, George Jemison, who came to live with his family on her land in 1810, while her husband was still alive. Georges father, had emigrated to America after his brother, Marys father, was killed and Mary taken captive. She paid his debts and gave him a cow and some pigs, and also some tools. She also loaned him one of her son Thomas cows. For eight years, she supported the Jemison family. He convinced her to write a deed for what she thought was forty acres, but she later found out that it actually specified 400, including land that didnt belong to Mary but to a friend. When he refused to return Thomas cow to one of Thomas sons, Mary decided to evict him. Chapter 14: She described how her son John, a doctor among the Indians, went to Buffalo and returned. He saw what he thought was an omen of his death, and, on a visit to Squawky Hill, quarreled with two Indians, starting a brutal fight, ending with the two of them killing John. Mary Jemison had a funeral after the manner of the white people for him. She then describes more of Johns life. She offered to forgive the two who killed him if they would leave, but they would not.  One killed himself, and the other lived in the Squawky Hill community until his death. Chapter 15: In 1816, Micah Brooks, Esq, helps her confirm the title of her land.  A petition for Mary Jemisons naturalization was submitted to the state legislature, and then a petition to Congress. She details further attempts to transfer her title and lease her land, and her wishes for disposal of waht remains in her possession, at her death. Chapter 16: Mary Jemison reflect on her life, including what the loss of liberty meant, how she took care of her health, how other Indians cared for themselves. She describes a time when it was suspected she was a witch.   I have been the mother of eight children; three of whom are now living, and I have at this time thirty-nine grand children, and fourteen great-grand children, all living in the neighborhood of Genesee River, and at Buffalo. Appendix: Sections in the appendix deal with: Devils Hole battle in 1763General Sullivans Expedition in 1779Seneca traditions about their origins and languageIndian religion, feasts, the great sacrificeIndian dances: the war dance and the peace danceIndian governmentthe Six Nationscourtship, marriage, divorcefamily governmentfuneralscredulity: belief in spirits, witches, etc.farming by Indian womenIndian ways of computing time and keeping recordsanecdotesdescription of the Genesee river and its banksa hunting anecdote

Farenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine

ENGLISH ESSAY Science fiction is a genre of fiction revolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. Despite the difference in context, Gattaca and Fahrenheit 451 both extrapolate the relationship between man and machine in a metaphorical sense. Both pose similar dystopian concepts of a machine like world. Through the use of juxtapoism, satire, film noir, textual devices and symbolism, both artists are able to successfully convey their interpretation on the values and concerns of science and technology. The historical†¦show more content†¦Hence put at the very bottom of the economic structure, not being able to compete against those declared ‘valid’. â€Å"I belonged to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the colour of your skin. No, we n ow have discrimination down to a science†. Gattaca parries the genetic technologies present in the 1990’s with his dystopian alternative. The game of chicken acts a metaphorical ‘hidden’ phrase implying the flaws of genetic manipulation and science in general. This hidden statement is inevitably relevant when comparing with all past genetic projects. Dolly, who was the prime uprising of cloning/genetic technology, failed after a short amount of time even though it had a supposed life expectancy of 12 years. Even though Vincent’s brother is declared genetically perfect at birth Vincent impossibly beats him in the game of chicken resulting with questioning of the perfectness of science and technology. Vincent’s human like/in valid features are portrayed through his obvious spectacles, suggesting myopia which is one of the many human ‘burdens’, and also his heart disease. Both texts conclude with suicide and a sense of hope. Hence th e relationship between man and machine and machine is mutual, as humanity prevailed under the dystopia machine had forced upon them. In Gattaca where Jerome commit suicide yet Vincent exults with his dream. Similarly in Fahrenheit 451, where Beatty chose to end his life after the overwhelming human emotions

#15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid Free Essays

#15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid ____________________________________________________________ _______________ Purpose: Salicylic acid is converted to the liquid ethyl salicylate by addition of ethanol. Yields of salicylic acid (week 1) and ethyl salicylate will be found, as well as the overall yield of the 2-step conversion of acetyl salicylic acid to ethyl salicylate. Introduction: Esters are formed from the reaction of acids and alcohols: O O || || R-C-OH + HO-R’ R-C-OR’ + H2O cid alcohol ester water The pleasant smelling oil of ethyl salicylate is made by reacting salicylic acid (week 1) with excess ethanol. We will write a custom essay sample on #15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid or any similar topic only for you Order Now An acid catalyst is also needed. salicylic acid (SA) ethanol ethyl salicylate (ES) The overall yield is determined from multiplying yields of the two reactions: 1. ASA + HCl(aq) SA and 2. SA + ethanol ES + water Apparatus The reaction takes place by refluxing (gentle boiling) in a 100-mL round bottom flask. This time the ice-cooled condenser is essential, otherwise the ethanol reactant (b. . 79? C) would evaporate before the reaction was over. Melting points of acetyl salicylic acid and salicylic acid (dried from week 1) are taken with MelTemp devices. If you have never used one your instructor will demonstrate. MelTemp C OH O OH H OC H2CH3 H + C OH O + OCH2CH3 + H2O2 Procedure Part A: Esterification of Salicylic Acid with Ethanol 1. Before starting remove a spatulaful (that will be 0. 1 g) of SA (salicylic acid) and place in a labeled plastic vial to use for melting points. 2. In a 100 mL round bottom flask, mix at least 5 g dry salicylic acid (0. 43 mol) with 20 mL 100% ethanol. The salicylic acid should be weighed out to two decimal places and recorded on the data sheet. The alcohol is in excess. It can be poured from a graduated cylinder, and should not be scaled down. Note: Use more salicylic acid if you have more from the first week. You should have between 7 and 8 g. Adjust amount of ethanol accordingly, say to 30 mL. 3. Add approximately 1/2 gram of boric acid catalyst that we use as a substitute for concentrated sulfuric acid in this particular esterification. 4. Place entire assembly on a hot plate and heat until the alcohol is boiling. A setting of around 3 on the hot plate can be tried and then adjusted up or down as needed. You may need to add more ice. Note: While the refluxing is taking place, you can work on Part B, in which the materials you have already made are characterized by taking their melting points. 5. Reflux for a minimum of 1 hour and 30 minutes or longer as time allows. Cool until the flask is no longer hot, then in an ice bath, until the mixture is at room temperature. Transfer to a clean separatory funnel. 6. Add 10 mL 2M NaOH(aq) . The mixture turns milky as approximately 2-3 mL of ester appears at once as an insoluble bottom layer. Ethyl salicylate is an oily liquid with a density of 1. 1 g/mL. Wait a few minutes until the cloudy emulsion begins to clear up. You can estimate the yield by marking the funnel and measuring an equal volume of water. Record this. You will probably get about 1/2 mL for every 1 gram of salicylic acid. 7. You should be able to recover about 1. 5 mL of the ester oil by separating the layers using a separatory funnel. Allow the bottom layer to pour into a vial. This layer contains mostly ethyl salicylate and should have a very pleasant odor, something like wintergreen. It will also include a little NaOH solution and thus will not be clear and sparkling. If you have enough liquid you can attempt the next step. 8. Dry by mixing with a small amount of anhydrous magnesium sulfate. See your instructor to get help with this. Pour off the clear ethyl salicylate. 3 Part B: Melting Points 1. Measure melting points of the dry acetyl salicylic acid and the salicylic acid using the small samples reserved for this purpose. Record on data sheet and compare with literature values. Part C: Yields 1. The 50 aspirin tablets contained 16. 25 g ASA. To estimate yields in your next 2 reactions, assume the wet ASA you used contained 12 g ASA. Then from the mass of dry salicylic acid obtained find the yield of salicylic acid. 2. Convert the volume of ethyl salycilate to grams using the density, 1. 1 g/mL. Record. Estimate yield of ethyl salicylate from salicylic acid and record, retaining just 2 significant figures. 3. Find the overall yield of the two-step process: Step 1: Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) to salicylic acid (SA) Step 2: Salicylic acid (SA) to ethyl salicylate (ES)4 Data and Results (yield of ethyl salicylate) Name(s) ____________________________________________________________ ____ Part B: Melting Points Compound Measured Melting Point (? C) Literature Value (? C) Acetyl Salicylic Acid 134 – 135 Salicylic Acid 158 – 160 Yields: Assuming ASA (from extraction of 50 aspirin tablets) = 12 g SA (from hydrolysis of ASA) ______ g Reactant SA esterified: ______ (usually most of the amount above) Approximate volume of ethyl salicylate: _______ mL (density ES = 1. 1 g/mL) Mass ethyl salicylate ________g Maximum g SA: Maximum g ES: Enter amounts where indicated in the table below and find the yields. Reaction Reactant Product Mass Reactant (g) Mass Product (g) Maximum Mass Product (g) Actual Yield % ( 2 sig. figures) ASA SA 12 g ASA* g SA g SA SA ES g SA g ES g ES *Assuming 75% extraction yeild. Overall Yield for 2 steps (product of 2 yields above) : Questions: 1. Recalculate the overall yield for a three-step process including the 75% extraction. 2. The synthesis of a new drug may require as many as 30 steps, some of which produce much less than 90% yields. Comment on this (without doing any calculations). ____________________________________________________________ _______________5 Instructor’s Guide Ethyl Salicylate Part B: Melting Points Compound Measured Melting Point (? C) Literature Value (? C) Acetyl Salicylic Acid 134 134 – 135 Salicylic Acid 159 158 – 160 Yields: Assuming ASA (from extraction of 50 aspirin tablets) = 12 g SA (from hydrolysis of ASA) 7. 3 g Reactant SA esterified: 7. 0 g (usually most of the amount above) Approximate volume of ethyl salicylate: 3. 0 mL (density ES = 1. 1 g/mL) Mass ethyl salicylate 3. 3 g Maximum g SA: 10 g ASA x 1 mol ASA x 1 mol SA x 138 g SA = 9. 2 g SA 180 g ASA 1 mol ASA 1 mol SA Maximum g ES: 7. g SA x 1 mol SA x 1 mol ES x 166 g ES = 8. 4 g ES 138 g SA 1 mol SA 1 mol ES Enter amounts where indicated in the table below and find the yields. Reaction Reactant Product Mass Reactant (g) Mass Product (g) Maximum Mass Product (g) Actual Yield % ( 2 sig. figures) ASA SA 12 g ASA* 9. 2 g SA 7. 3 g SA 79% SA ES 7. 0 g SA 8. 4 g ES 3. 3 g ES 39% *Assuming 75% extraction yeild. Overall Yield for 2 steps (product of 2 yields abo ve): 0. 79 x 0. 39 x 100 = 31% Questions: 1. Recalculate the overall yield for a three-step process including the 75% extraction. 2. The synthesis of a new drug may require as many as 30 steps, some of which produce much less than 90% yields. Comment on this (without doing any calculations). ____________________________________________________________ _______________ 1. Overall yield = 0. 75 x 0. 79 x 0. 39 x 100 = 23% 2. The yield would be very very small, making this an expensive process. 6 Instructor’s Guide Ethyl Salicylate(cont’d) Time: maximum Equipment and Materials: per group Items Number Comment stir/hot plates 1 stir bars 1 00-mL round bottom flasks 1 Weighing papers 1 pack per class Ice 50-mL graduates 1 Top loading balance 2 per class With power supply MelTemps 2 per class thermometer 2 per class For Meltemp m. p. tubes (closed) 50 per class 250-mL beakers 1 for water heating bath Microscale glass clamp 1 (yellow) ice-cooled condensers 1 Ring stand 1 Ring stand clamp 1 separatory funnels 1 boric acid 5 g per class antifungal agent spoon spatulas 1 100% ethanol 1 L per class 2 M NaOH 50 mL magnesium sulfate 10 g per class Epsom salts Safety glasses 1 per student Rubber gloves 1 box per class7 Ideas/ Information We make ethyl rather than methyl salicylate, because methanol is toxic. Under Part A. 3. Note: This experiment was designed to be done using household chemicals. Although Science in Motion can provide concentrated sulfuric acid, we have decided that it is too dangerous to handle. Under Part C. 1. Note: Repeated extractions were done in our lab. They all gave about 75% yields and about 12 g dry ASA. 2M NaOH solution could be prepared by adding solid NaOH to a volumetric flask and then diluting with distilled water to the mark on the flask. Molarity mol/L g NaOH for 1 L solution g NaOH 500 mL solution 2 80 40 How to cite #15 Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate from Salicylic Acid, Papers

Analysis of Employee Satisfaction-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write an Essay on Employee Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction As human capital or people are an organizations most important asset, organizations should increase all employees job satisfaction to increase productivity. I agree with the statement and it will be further explained in detail in the essay. The human capital or the employees of the organization are a major part of the operations. The employees are considered to be the assets of the company and the satisfaction of the employees is important for increasing productivity and profitability of the organizations. The management of the organization needs to take steps to increase the levels of satisfaction of the employees so that their productivity can increase. The increase in the productivity of the employees will further increase the profitability of the organization (Alegre, Mas-Machuca Berbegal-Mirabent, 2016). The managers play an important in the process of increasing the satisfaction levels of the employees in the organization. Discussion related to the ways of increasing satisfaction of employees The managers of the organizations play a significant role in the providing motivation and increasing job satisfaction of the employees. The levels of job satisfaction and the engagement of employees in the organization are important factors that can lead to the increase of productivity. The managers can undertake many ways to boost the satisfaction levels of employees and increase staff retention in the organization. The companies always need to put the employees first as they hold high levels of significance in providing satisfaction to the customers. The organizations need to understand that the happy employees will ultimately lead to happy customers which will further increase the revenues (Coetzee Stoltz, 2015). The different ways by which the employee satisfaction levels can be increased are as discussed further. The treatment provided to the employees at the different levels of the organization needs to be respectful in nature. The benefits and the compensation that are provided to the employees are not always enough to increase their motivation levels. The respect that is provided to them by the managers plays a significant role in increasing the motivation levels. The impact of poor treatment provided to the employees can lead to the increase in their dissatisfaction levels and it can cause an increase in the employee turnover of the company. The levels of trust between the employees and the upper management has an impact on the motivation of the employees. The management needs to provide support to the employees so that a productive workforce can be formed. The relationships between the employees which lack trust can place the employees on the edge. The environment of the organization also becomes stressful in nature and drains the energy of the employees. The managers need to build the relationships with the employees in such a way so that the levels of trust are high and the adverse situations in the organization can be avoided. The growth rate of the employees can also increase due to the high levels of trust among the employees and the upper management. The immediate supervisors of the employees also play a major role in providing motivation regarding the various organizational processes. The supervisors or the managers need to create a strong bond with the employees so that they can gain their trust. This helps in creating a safe working environment for the employees in the organization. The innovative ideas in the organizations are generated easily if the environment is safe (Du Preez Bendixen, 2015). The managers can hold discussions with the employees on a periodic basis so that they can encourage them about the innovative ideas, challenges and the achievements in the organization. The performance management systems of the organizations play a major role in the motivation process of the employees. The acknowledgement, compensation and the recognition that are provided to the employees by the managers help in increasing the motivation levels. The employees become more productive and engaged in the work process of the organization if the managers highlight their strengths and motivate them (Edmans Zhang, 2014). Employee motivation poses a major challenge to the management of the organization. The work environments of the companies need to put emphasis on the satisfaction of employees and it should be treated as a major part of their entire business strategy. The efforts of the managers will not be supported perfectly unless the employees working under their supervisions are motivated towards their jobs. The supportive workplaces can also provide challenges to the managers regarding their goals and the ways by which they can encourage the employee motivation (Elnaga Imran, 2014). The daily actions that are taken by the management of the companies help increasing the levels of motivation. The actions taken by the management can thereby help in improving the work environment of the employees. The most important considerations related to employee motivation are, benefits, job security, pay or compensation and the safety related to the work environment. The managers can undertake many actions to create a work environment for the employees which will encourage them and further increase productivity (Men 2014). The communication process in the organization is an important factor that affects their motivation levels and job satisfaction. The employees always want to be engaged and knowledgeable about the various processes that are going on within the organization (Huang Rundle-Thiele, 2014). They are always interested in the information that is necessary to complete their jobs. The employees always require enough amounts of information so that suitable decisions ca n be made by them. The supervisors can hold daily meetings with the employees and provide them with information that is important for their work process. The feedback provided by the customers, the changes that have occurred in the due dates, the opportunities related to training and the updates related new departments can be provided in the meetings. The supervisors need to take care and communicate with those employees who are the most affected by the changes that have taken place in the process. The employees need to be sure about the changes that have taken place in the organization. The communication of the supervisors with the employees should take place on a daily basis so that a relationship of trust is created between them. The communication and the interaction that takes place between the managers and the employees can provide them with high levels of satisfaction (Hur, Moon Jung, 2015). The process of communication in the organization should be honest and open in nature and meetings should be held on a periodic basis. The organization needs to implement an open door policy for the employees so that they can share their ideas and provide inputs in the work process. The managers need to understand the various issues of the employees and take attempts to solve them. The organization can motivate the employees by providing them with opportunities to develop their own abilities and skills. The employees are satisfied if they can further increase their knowledge while working for the organizations. The interactive events, meetings and activities held in the organization can increase the satisfaction levels of the employees (Jain Kaur, 2014). The employee satisfaction can be increased also by providing them with opportunities to receive cross-training about the different responsibilities and roles that they play in an organization. The supervisors can also increase the levels of satisfaction by providing more responsibilities higher job roles to the employees. The extra responsibilities that are assigned to the employees can help them to grow in the organization and further increase their productivity. The ideas that are provided by employees need to be incorporated by the organizations so that they can understand their importance in the organization. The employees need to be provided with more opportunities so that they can excel in their fields (Leder et al., 2016). The supervisors can assign the employees with high posts related to leading teams or projects. This will motivate them to get involved in the organizational processes and further increase the levels of satisfaction. The supervisors need to spend more time with the employees and try to understand their problems. The attention provided by the managers will increase the job satisfaction of the employees. The complaints and the concerns of the employees need to be addressed by the managers so that the dissatisfaction levels of the employees do not increase and further it does not affect the workplace (Lottrup et al., 2015). The ways by which the complaints of the employees are addressed by the management of the organization is important in deciding the satisfaction levels. The management should always be open for the employees and the concerns, issues and the ideas of the employees must reach them without much delay. Conclusion The essay can be concluded by stating that the employees play the most important role in increasing the productivity and the revenues of the organization. The management therefore needs to ensure that they take utmost care about the satisfaction of the employees. The high satisfaction of employees will ensure high productivity and the customers of the organization will also be happy in the process. The major responsibility of the companies is therefore to increase the motivation and satisfaction levels of the employees. This will help the organization in increasing the revenues and improve employee retention. The retention of employees also holds importance as the recruitment process is related to huge costs for the organization. The employees are the assets of the organizations and they should always try to keep them motivated and engaged in their jobs References Alegre, I., Mas-Machuca, M., Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2016). Antecedents of employee job satisfaction: Do they matter?.Journal of Business Research,69(4), 1390-1395. Coetzee, M., Stoltz, E. (2015). Employees' satisfaction with retention factors: Exploring the role of career adaptability.Journal of Vocational Behavior,89, 83-91. Du Preez, R., Bendixen, M. T. (2015). The impact of internal brand management on employee job satisfaction, brand commitment and intention to stay.International Journal of Bank Marketing,33(1), 78-91. Edmans, A., Li, L., Zhang, C. (2014).Employee satisfaction, labor market flexibility, and stock returns around the world(No. w20300). National Bureau of Economic Research. Elnaga, A. A., Imran, A. (2014). The impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction theoretical study.American Journal of Research Communication,2(1), 13-26. Huang, Y. H., Lee, J., McFadden, A. C., Murphy, L. A., Robertson, M. M., Cheung, J. H., Zohar, D. (2016). Beyond safety outcomes: An investigation of the impact of safety climate on job satisfaction, employee engagement and turnover using social exchange theory as the theoretical framework.Applied ergonomics,55, 248-257. Hur, W. M., Moon, T. W., Jung, Y. S. (2015). Customer response to employee emotional labor: the structural relationship between emotional labor, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Services Marketing,29(1), 71-80. Jain, R., Kaur, S. (2014). Impact of work environment on job satisfaction.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,4(1), 1-8. Leder, S., Newsham, G. R., Veitch, J. A., Mancini, S., Charles, K. E. (2016). Effects of office environment on employee satisfaction: a new analysis.Building Research Information,44(1), 34-50. Lottrup, L., Stigsdotter, U.K., Meilby, H. and Claudi, A.G., 2015. The workplace window view: a determinant of office workers work ability and job satisfaction.Landscape Research,40(1), pp.57-75. Men, L. R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), 264-284.